RAPID Original Data Format

The RAPID array at 26°N produces a range of observational and derived products:

• 1D time series of AMOC transport

• Time series profiles of temperature, salinity, and velocity at specific locations (moorings)

• Gridded sections of hydrographic and velocity fields

• Layer transport estimates based on defined vertical boundaries

• Streamfunction evaluations in depth or density space

moc_vertical.nc

Variables

Name	Dimensions	Shape	Units	Description
depth	depth	(307,)	m	Vertical coordinate in meters
time	time	(13779,)	datetime	Time coordinate, 12-hour intervals
stream_function_mar	depth, time	(307, 13779)	Sv	Overturning streamfunction at 26°N

ts_gridded.nc

Variables

Name	Dimensions	Shape	Units	Description
pressure	depth	(242,)	dbar	Pressure coordinate
time	time	(13779,)	datetime	Time coordinate, 12-hour intervals
TG_west	depth, time	(242, 13779)	°C	Temperature west 26.52N/76.74W
SG_wb3	depth, time	(242, 13779)	psu	Salinity WB3 26.50N/76.6W
TG_marwest	depth, time	(242, 13779)	°C	Temperature MAR west 24.52N/50.57W
TG_mareast	depth, time	(242, 13779)	°C	Temperature MAR east 24.52N/41.21W
TG_east	depth, time	(242, 13779)	°C	Temperature east 26.99N/16.23W
TG_west_flag	depth, time	(242, 13779)	1	Data quality flag for TG_west

moc_transports.nc

Variables

Name	Dimensions	Shape	Units	Description
time	time	(13779,)	datetime	Time coordinate, 12-hour intervals
t_therm10	time	(13779,)	Sv	Thermocline recirculation 0–800 m
t_aiw10	time	(13779,)	Sv	Intermediate water 800–1100 m
t_ud10	time	(13779,)	Sv	Upper NADW 1100–3000 m
t_ld10	time	(13779,)	Sv	Lower NADW 3000–5000 m
t_bw10	time	(13779,)	Sv	AABW >5000 m
t_gs10	time	(13779,)	Sv	Florida Straits transport
t_ek10	time	(13779,)	Sv	Ekman transport
t_umo10	time	(13779,)	Sv	Upper Mid-Ocean transport
moc_mar_hc10	time	(13779,)	Sv	Overturning transport MOC index

2d_gridded.nc

Variables

Name	Dimensions	Shape	Units	Description
time	time	(689,)	datetime	Time (10-day intervals)
longitude	longitude	(254,)	degrees_east	Longitude coordinate
depth	depth	(307,)	m	Depth coordinate
CT	time, longitude, depth	(689, 254, 307)	°C	Conservative Temperature (ITS-90)
SA	time, longitude, depth	(689, 254, 307)	g/kg	Absolute Salinity
V_insitu	time, longitude, depth	(689, 254, 307)	m/s	Meridional velocity
V_ekman	time, longitude, depth	(689, 254, 307)	m/s	Ekman velocity
V_net	time	(689,)	m/s	Depth-integrated meridional velocity

meridional_transports.nc

Variables

Name	Dimensions	Shape	Units	Description
time	time	(689,)	datetime	Time (10-day intervals)
depth	depth	(307,)	m	Depth coordinate
sigma0	sigma0	(489,)	kg/m³ – 1000	Potential density anomaly (σ₀)
amoc_depth	time	(689,)	Sv	Maximum overturning from depth-streamfunction
amoc_sigma	time	(689,)	Sv	Maximum overturning from density-streamfunction
heat_trans	time	(689,)	PW	Northward heat transport
frwa_trans	time	(689,)	Sv	Northward freshwater transport
press	depth	(307,)	dbar	Pressure coordinate
stream_depth	time, depth	(689, 307)	Sv	Overturning streamfunction in depth space
stream_sigma	time, sigma0	(689, 489?)	Sv	Overturning streamfunction in density space