AXMOC34S Datasets

AXMOC_34S_timeseries_2005_2023.nc

Dataset Overview

  • Project: I. Pita, M. Goes - AXMOC: Estimate of AMOC, heat and freshwater transports at 22.5 and 34.5S based on sustained in situ observations

  • Description: Estimates of AMOC, heat and freshwater transports at 34.5°S

  • Source File: AXMOC_34S_timeseries_2005_2023.nc

  • Data Product: Estimates of AMOC, heat and freshwater transports at 34.5°S based on sustained in situ observations

  • License: CC-BY-4.0

  • Date Created: 21-May-2026

  • Time Coverage: 2005-01-15 to 2023-05-15

  • Record Length: 221 observations (18.3 years)

  • Sampling Frequency: monthly

Citation:

Pita I, Goes M, Volkov DL, Dong S and Schmid C (2024) South Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and its respective heat and freshwater transports from sustained observations near 34.5°S. Front. Mar. Sci. 11:1474133. doi: http://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1474133

Acknowledgement:

The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This research was carried out in part under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, a cooperative institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), cooperative agreement NA20OAR4320472, and was supported by NOAA’s Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML). MG and DLV were also supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Variability and Predictability program (Grant NA20OAR4310407)

Dataset Visualization

AMOC time series plot

Time series plot for AXMOC34S dataset.

Dataset Statistics

  • Total Variables: 9

  • Total Coordinates: 1

  • Dataset Size: 0.02 MB

Coordinate Information

The following table shows information about the dataset coordinates in the standardised version, including coordinate name remapping from the original, if any:

Coordinate

Description

Units

Size

Min Value

Max Value

Missing %

time → TIME

Time

seconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z

(221,)

2005-01-15

2023-05-15

0.0%

Variable Information

The following table shows the mapping from original variable names to standardized names, along with key statistics for each variable.

Variable

Description

Units

Size

Min Value

Max Value

Missing %

fov_total → FOV

northward ocean freshwater transport due to overturning: Overturning component of freshwater transport at 34.5°S, also referred to as Fov or Mov

sverdrup

(221,)

-0.40

0.05

0.0%

fov_ekman → FOV_EKMAN

northward ocean freshwater transport due to Ekman transport: Ekman contribution to overturning freshwater transport at 34.5°S

sverdrup

(221,)

-0.32

0.09

0.0%

fov_geostrophic → FOV_GEOSTROPHIC

northward ocean freshwater transport due to geostrophic transport: Geostrophic contribution to overturning freshwater transport at 34.5°S

sverdrup

(221,)

-0.22

0.07

0.0%

mht_total → MHT

Total MHT: Total meridional heat transport at 34.5°S

PW

(221,)

0.10

1.07

0.0%

mht_ekman → MHT_EKMAN

northward ocean heat transport due to Ekman transport: Ekman component of meridional heat transport at 34.5°S

PW

(221,)

-0.19

0.67

0.0%

mht_geostrophic → MHT_GEOSTROPHIC

northward ocean heat transport due to geostrophic transport: Geostrophic component of meridional heat transport at 34.5°S

PW

(221,)

0.03

0.81

0.0%

moc_total → MOC

Total AMOC: Total AMOC transport time series at 34.5°S

sverdrup

(221,)

6.80

26.82

0.0%

moc_ekman → TRANS_EKMAN

Ekman AMOC: Ekman component of AMOC transport time series at 34.5°S

sverdrup

(221,)

-2.83

10.90

0.0%

moc_geostrophic → TRANS_GEOSTROPHIC

Geostrophic AMOC: Geostrophic component of AMOC transport time series at 34.5°S

sverdrup

(221,)

2.23

27.02

0.0%

Metadata (edits applied noted)

The following metadata describes this dataset:

  • Title: AXMOC estimates of AMOC, MHT, and Fov (or Mov) at 34.5S

  • Summary: This file contains monthly estimates of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), meridional heat transport (MHT), and overturning freshwater transport (Fov or Mov) at 34.5S.

  • Description*: Estimates of AMOC, heat and freshwater transports at 34.5°S

  • Program*: AXMOC34S

  • Project*: I. Pita, M. Goes - AXMOC: Estimate of AMOC, heat and freshwater transports at 22.5 and 34.5S based on sustained in situ observations

  • License*: CC-BY-4.0

  • Acknowledgment*: The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This research was carried out in part under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, a cooperative institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), cooperative agreement NA20OAR4320472, and was supported by NOAA’s Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML). MG and DLV were also supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Variability and Predictability program (Grant NA20OAR4310407)

  • Weblink*: https://zenodo.org/records/18839461

  • Data Product*: Estimates of AMOC, heat and freshwater transports at 34.5°S based on sustained in situ observations

  • Time Coverage Start: 2005-01-15

  • Time Coverage End: 2023-05-15

  • Contributor Name: Ivenis Pita

  • Contributor Role: originator

  • Contributor Role Vocabulary: https://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/G04/current/

  • Contributor Email:

  • Contributor Id:

  • Contributing Institutions*: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (University of Miami), NOAA, Rosenstiel School

  • Contributing Institutions Vocabulary: https://edmo.seadatanet.org/report/1382, ,

  • Contributing Institutions Role: , ,

  • Conventions: CF-1.8, ACDD-1.3, OceanSITES-1.5

  • featureType*: timeSeries

  • featureType_vocabulary: https://cfconventions.org/cf-conventions/v1.6.0/cf-conventions.html#_features_and_feature_types

  • Source File*: AXMOC_34S_timeseries_2005_2023.nc

  • Source Path*: ~/.amocatlas_data/AXMOC_34S_timeseries_2005_2023.nc

  • Source Url*: https://zenodo.org/records/18839461/files/

  • Date Created: 21-May-2026

  • Date Modified: 2026-08-01T00:00:00Z

  • Processing Software: http://github.com/AMOCcommunity/amocatlas

  • Processing Version: v0.4.0

  • Processing Datasource*: axmoc34s

  • Applied Variable Mapping: [Complex metadata structure - 15 items]

  • Methodology: AMOC, MHT, and Fov were estimated using the AXMOC methodology. Mapped temperature and salinity fields were constructed from sustained in situ observations, including Argo, XBT, and CTD data. The total transports include Ekman and geostrophic components.

  • Paper Reference: Pita, I., Goes, M., Volkov, D. L., Dong, S., & Schmid, C. (2024). South Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and its respective heat and freshwater transports from sustained observations near 34.5° S. Frontiers in Marine Science, 11, 1474133. doi:10.3389/fmars.2024.1474133

  • Zenodo (Database): doi:10.5281/zenodo.18839461

  • Related Publication Note: These time series are described and analyzed in Pita et al. (2024), where the AXMOC methodology is applied to estimate AMOC, MHT, and Fov at 34.5S.